
Degrees in reading and literacy overview
Introduction to reading and literacy
Stephen King once said, “books are a uniquely portable magic.” When we learn to read, we also learn about history, magic, romance, science, philosophy – and one another. Books can transport us to parallel universes, and allow us to move through time and space dropping us anywhere from a futuristic space station, to a land populated by dinosaurs. Authors and illustrators work together to make the words in a book fill your mind with powerful imagery. The journeys through different books can be endless, but the one journey that makes it all happen is the journey through learning how to read.
A reading specialist teaches children and adults who struggle with reading the essential skills – taught via games, lessons, practice sessions – that will give lifelong access to the world of books.
Educators and specialists work to ensure all children and adults have the opportunity to be transported into another dimension through a good book. A reading specialist teaches children and adults who struggle with reading the essential skills – taught via games, lessons, practice sessions – that will give lifelong access to the world of books. Access to this rewarding career is generally secured by a degree in reading literacy.
What do I need to apply?
Master’s requirements
To be considered for acceptance to a graduate program, most schools will require a GPA between 3.0 and 4.0 from your undergraduate degree, in a related field. This shows the faculty that you have a strong grasp on the content you learned in your bachelor’s program and are ready for more advanced content. Depending on the institution, you may also need GRE scores, a personal statement, an academic writing sample, letters of recommendation, and some teaching experience. The specific requirements will be available on the school’s website.
Doctorate requirements
The highest step on the academic ladder is a doctorate degree. Most schools will require a master’s degree in a related field, while others may only require a bachelor’s. This will depend on the institution, so check the academic requirements before you apply. With either degree, a minimum of a 3.5 GPA is required to be accepted to a doctorate program. You will also need academic letters of recommendation, GRE scores, and related professional experience.
Online vs. on campus
Since master’s programs typically take 2 years, and doctorate programs can take anywhere between 3-5 years, the decision to earn the degree online or on campus is important. Many factors can influence this decision like your lifestyle, career, family dynamics, or preferred learning style. Fortunately, there are options for both online and on-campus learning. Some programs may also offer hybrid courses which combine aspects of both online and on-campus programs. For example, a hybrid class may have coursework available online, and a weekly lecture on campus. This option may interest students who enjoy traditional on-campus lectures, but prefer to stay home to study.
Financial aid
Both master’s and doctorate programs can be expensive. This is not only because of the rising cost of higher education in the United States, but because of the length of the programs. A doctorate degree can cost between approximately $20,000 and $79,000 – this is more than some students can expect to make in a year. It is no wonder then that many higher education students are hesitant to sign on for a degree with the associated potential debt and stress. Luckily several financial aid options are available to eligible students at the master’s and doctorate level, including scholarships, loans, and grants.
One of the most popular financial aid options is Federal Student Aid. This financial support from the federal government is offered to students who qualify based on their financial need. To see whether you are eligible, fill out the free online FASFA form. You will receive a response indicating both your eligibility and the amount of financial aid you can receive within a few weeks.
Does my university need to be accredited?
Accreditation shows licensing and credential agencies, higher education admission departments, and employers that your academic understanding of reading literacy has met or exceeded a set of standards set by an accreditation agency. These agencies vet higher education programs to ensure the knowledge and skills students attain adequately prepares them for further education or employment.
When you earn a master’s or doctorate in reading literacy from an accredited institution and want to pursue a career in teaching, the licensing agency needs to see that your academic qualifications meet standards required for state licensure. If you’d like to pursue a doctorate degree after earning a master’s, the faculty of the program you are applying for needs to see the degree you have earned beforehand has given you the knowledge and skills needed to move onto more advanced academic material. If you are unsure if the program you are applying for is accredited, check the Database for Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs for more information.
Master’s in reading and literacy
During this program you will learn about the foundations of literacy, multicultural education in literacy, and effective techniques for developing literacy in your students. In addition to required coursework, you will also complete a master’s thesis or project. This is required for graduation and is an essential part of any master’s program.
Literacy teaching and theory
You will learn about the foundations of literacy, evidence-based research that influences teaching practices, and historical perspectives that have shaped our understanding of how to positively influence a child’s reading, fluency, and writing skills.
Diagnosis of reading difficulties
This course will focus on the assessment and instruction of students who need formal support due to their struggles with reading. This will involve fieldwork experience where you will be able to work with and help students with reading difficulties.
Educational psychology
By exploring the theories, theorists, behavioral principles, and approaches to school learning, you can develop a broad knowledge about education in general, and understand where people with reading difficulties, past and present, have been let down by the system. From this, you can direct your efforts to meeting the teaching needs of this specific population.
Children’s literature
This course examines the authors, themes, genres, and books that have shaped children’s literature. You will review historical literature and current trends to gain an understanding of how literature has changed.
Practicum
A practicum is a portion of the master’s program where you work with students identified as having problems reading, under the supervision of a licensed teacher.
Program concentrations
A program concentration is chosen by you with the goal to become more knowledgeable about a specific aspect of reading literacy. Your choice of concentration typically reflects the career path you hope to follow after graduation.
Early literacy
A concentration on early literacy will focus on the theories, practices, assessment procedures, and teaching styles that benefit young readers from preschool to third grade. You will learn about environmental factors, like family and culture, that may impact a student’s reading skills.
Reading specialist
If you’d like to pursue a career as a reading specialist, then this concentration will focus on the foundations, methods for teaching, and diagnostic practices that will enable you to be a skillful reading specialist.
Adult literacy
This concentration will prepare you to work with adult learners who struggle with reading difficulties. You will learn teaching practices specific to developing and improving adult literacy.
Certificate opportunities
For some careers, additional certification is required alongside a higher education degree. Studying for, and acquiring, a certificate can add to your expertise in a specific facet of reading literacy, that generally matches your employment goals.
Dyslexia certificate
Someone with dyslexia will have trouble reading and writing, despite being of normal intelligence. Additional skills, knowledge and teaching practices will be needed to work with individuals with dyslexia. You will learn about approaches, assessment techniques, and tools to improve the reading, writing, and fluency levels of children or adults with dyslexia.
Teaching credential program
In order to teach at a public school, each state will require some form of certification or licensing. A credential program will focus on student-teaching where you will be supervised by a licensed teacher for a certain amount of time set by your state’s licensing board.
Reading specialist certificate
This certificate prepares you to become a reading specialist. By completing this certificate, you can learn about literacy development, research-based instructional practices, assessment strategies, and the essential skills needed to become a reading specialist.
Cost of a reading and literacy degree
Students can expect to pay between $7,000 and $21,000 for an online master’s in reading literacy degree. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average cost for an on-campus master’s degree is $32,870.
Career options with a masters degree
Instrucitonal coordinators
National
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total employment
174,900
Projected growth (2018-2028)
6.3%
Degree required
Master’s
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Reading specialist
Median salary: 54K US$This is a teacher who specializes in teaching reading skills. Most reading specialists work in public schools providing support to students who need additional help with literacy development. They teach students by playing games, conducting writing activities, or introducing different materials to improve overall literacy.
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Education writer
Median salary: 73K US$An educational writer, researches and writes material for students, administrators, and teachers. This career can include educational journalists, who conduct interviews, make observations, analyze their findings, and write about their findings for print media or online platforms.
Doctorate in reading literacy
During your doctorate program, you can further your knowledge and specialized skills, while gaining expertise in leadership, assessment practices, and research. In addition to doctorate level coursework, you will also be conducting your own research into a novel area of reading literacy that will become the basis for your dissertation.
Research in literacy
In this course you will review evidence-based research that has shaped our understanding of literacy development. You will also gain the essential skills for careers in research and management.
Theoretical and historical foundations
This is a foundational course that gives students an overview of theories, instructional methods, history, literacy development and policies that affect the development of readers and the education system.
Teaching diverse learners
To be able to work with students with reading difficulties, it is important for you to understand the factors that cause, or add to, their difficulties. These factors may be related to the educational system, like overcrowded classrooms, inadequate supply of reading materials, or under-trained teachers. Or, the problem may be attributed to the student, for example dyslexia, eyesight problems, or from a non-English speaking family. This concentration can develop your understanding of the needs of diverse learners and how these needs can be met in the classroom.
Assessment and evaluation
This course will teach you how to properly assess and evaluate learners with reading difficulties so you can implement reading strategies to ensure academic success.
Leading and managing literacy programs
This course will teach you about different leadership concepts, and allow you to learn more about programs that suit a student’s developmental needs. You will also build the framework for effective management and leadership skills needed to run a literacy program.
Program concentrations
Early literacy
This concentration focuses on the reading foundations and literacy instruction for younger students. You will analyze children’s literature, develop teaching strategies, and understand how to guide and teach young learner’s literacy development based on evidence-based research.
Multilingual
If you are interested in a career as an ESL teacher, or know you will be working with people whose first language is not English, this concentration may be for you. You will explore cultural diversity, foreign language acquisition, and how to teach students who speak multiple languages.
Assessment and curriculum development
You will learn how to create, implement, and evaluate curricula to improve reading education. This will incorporate culture, finances, sociological concerns, policy, and classroom structure.
Career options with a doctorate degree
Postsecondary teachers
As a postsecondary teacher, you will teach adult students at a college or university about reading literacy. This role generally entails both teaching and research responsibilities. Some professors also serve on academic committees and consult with government policy makers and funding departments.
National
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Alaska
Indiana
Massachusetts
Missouri
New Jersey
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Total employment
194,740
Projected growth (2018-2028)
4%
Degree required
Doctorate
Additional resources
International Literacy Association
The International Literacy Association is a global organization with more than 300,000 literacy educator members in 128 countries. The association sets the standard on how literacy is taught and evaluated across the world.
The Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers
This association aims to network literacy educators, reading specialists, and researchers to promote professional growth and self-development needed to enhance the literacy development in students at all educational levels.
This foundation brings research and practice together by providing a platform for neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, and practitioners in dyslexia research.